Imperial Russian Army General/Field Marshall. He was a count of the Austrian Empire and Grand Duchy of Finland and the 5th last General-Field Marshal promoted in the history of the Russian Empire. He served as the Governor-General of Finland from 1854 to 1861 and the last Viceroy of the Kingdom of Poland from 1863 to 1874. He is remembered for his role in the Russification of Poland and Finland during his time as the viceroy of the two political entities. He was most prominent for his role during the Crimean War as he defended Finland from British invasion. He was also crucial in suppressing and crushing of the Polish January Uprising of 1863, during which the rebels carried out numerous assassination attempts on him, all of which failed. Martial law was enforced in Poland and the Russification system was even more harsher than before. However, he was also responsible for improving the economy and industry of Poland after the uprising. During his military service (1812 to 1874) he participated in the Napoleonic Wars (French invasion of Russia), the War of the Sixth Coalition (Battle of Leipzig), the Russo-Turkish War (1828 to 1829, Battle of Adrianople). the November Uprising (Battle of Nur, Battle of Ostrołęka, and Battle of Warsaw) and the Crimean War (Baltic Theatre). During his career, he received numerous Russian and Foreign honors, including the Order of St. Anna (1st and 3rd classes), the Order of St. Vladimir (1st class and 4th class), the Order of St. George (3rd class), the Order of the White Eagle, the Order of the Red and Black Eagles (Prussia), the Order of St. Stephen (Hungary), the Order of the Seraphim (Sweden), and the Order of the Redeemer, Great Cross ( Greece). He died at the age of 79.